Commentary
As Russia's war on Ukraine drags on, NATO is expanding its footprint in the Black Sea. Turkey, Romania, and Bulgaria are upgrading their fleets and deepening trilateral cooperation.
Dimitar Bechev
Research
Reforming European Security: A Turkish Perspective
The Alliance is being pulled toward a NATO 3.0 model by two structural drivers: the changing character of warfare, made visible by the war in Ukraine, and the redistribution of transatlantic burden-sharing as the United States gives greater priority to homeland security and the Indo-Pacific.
By Alper Coşkun, Fatih Ceylan, Tacan İldem, Nihat Kökmen, Yavuz Türkgenci, Sinan Ülgen, Çiğdem Üstün, H.E. Ahmet Üzümcü
Published on Jul 5, 2026
About the Authors
Alper Coşkun
Senior Fellow, Europe Program
Alper Coşkun is a senior fellow in the Europe Program and leads the Türkiye and the World Project at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace in Washington, DC.
Fatih Ceylan
Tacan İldem
Nihat Kökmen
Yavuz Türkgenci
Sinan Ülgen
Senior Fellow, Carnegie Europe
Sinan Ülgen is a senior fellow at Carnegie Europe in Brussels, where his research focuses on Turkish foreign policy, transatlantic relations, international trade, economic security, and digital policy.
Çiğdem Üstün
H.E. Ahmet Üzümcü
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